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pisa (anc. Pisæ). One of the oldest and most beautiful cities of
Italy, and, till lately, the capital of the now extinct grand duchy of
Tuscany, on the banks of the river Arno. Pisæ was one of the twelve
cities of Etruria; it is frequently mentioned in the Ligurian wars as
the headquarters of the Roman legions. Early in the 11th century, Pisa
had risen to the rank of a powerful republic. Its troops took part in
all the great events of the Holy Land; and its fleet in turn gave aid to
the pope in Southern Italy, to the emperor in Northern France, chastised
the Moors, and exacted its own terms from the Eastern emperors. In their
wars with the Saracens of Sardinia, the Pisans had conquered Sardinia,
Corsica, and the Balearic Islands, and for a time maintained their
ground against their hereditary enemies, the Genoese; but having sided
with the Ghibellines in the long wars which desolated the empire, Pisa
suffered severely at the hands of the victorious Guelphic party. Indeed,
the rivalry of the Guelphic cities of Florence, Lucca, and Siena nearly
brought Pisa to the brink of ruin at the close of the 13th century; and
after struggling for more than a hundred years against external foes and
the internal dissensions between the democratic mob and the Ghibelline
nobles, without losing their character for indomitable valor, the Pisans
finally threw themselves under the protection of Galeazzo Visconti of
Milan. It became subject to Florence after a long siege, 1405-6. In
1494, Pisa became independent under the protection of Charles VIII. of
France. When the French left Italy, the old struggle was renewed; and
after offering a desperate resistance, the Pisans, in 1509, were
compelled by hunger to surrender the city to the Florentine army
besieging the walls.
Wikipedia
Pisa is a city in Italy. About 85.000 people live in the city. The city has a very long and turbulent history. The "Leaning Tower of Pisa" is a famous landmark of Pisa.
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